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Due to their interesting properties of high surface areas, well-ordered porous, functional tunability as well as stability, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) materials have been widely used in various fields and received unprecedented attention. Nowadays, more and more novel MOFs and COFs have been developed and synthesized for different purposes. The characterization of MOFs and COFs is the first step and also an essential part in their research. Alfa Chemistry has accumulated a great deal of MOFs and COFs characterization experience by studying hundreds and thousands of porous materials. We provide highest quality MOFs and COFs characterization services to our research clients. Based on our comprehensive technical platforms and professional R&D team, our services can lead to further improved synthesis, understanding and application of MOFs and COFs materials.
A variety of characterization methods are needed to detect the characteristics of MOFs and COFs, which is of paramount importance in the quest to discover promising properties that may manifest within these materials, and in the ongoing effort to develop new synthetic strategies. Alfa Chemistry provides a wide range of characterization items for MOFs and COFs, and some of which are listed in the table below.
| Test items | Testing instruments | Description |
| Morphology characterization | Scanning electron microscope (SEM) | SEM displays the shape of materials and their spatial changes, which reflect data on the exterior morphologies, the mixture of phases, and dispersion. |
| Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) | Compared with SEM, FESEM shows a higher resolution. | |
| Atomic force microscopy (AFM) | AFM is considerably more useful for analyzing the surface roughness. | |
| Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) | TEM has been widely applied to determine the grain size, particle size, and crystallographic data, such as plane indices and dislocations. | |
| Optical microscopy | Optical microscopy is useful for visualizing surface. | |
| Structure and crystallinity characterization | Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) | SXRD can determine unambiguously structure of COFs and MOFs and provide the detailed crystal parameters including the unit-cell parameters of the specific space group, atomic positions, and geometric parameters (bond lengths and angles). |
| Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) | PXRD is widely used to determine the structural parameters and crystallinity of the MOFs and COFs. | |
| Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GID) | GID provides useful information about the crystallinity and the preferred orientation of the MOFs and COFs films. | |
| Component characterization | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) | FT-IR is used for determination of the absence or presence of the IR active functional groups in MOFs and COFs. |
| Raman | Raman and NMR provide the chemical composition information. | |
| Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy | ||
| Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) | SSNMR is especially utilized for investigation the local chemical environment. | |
| X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) | XPS is often used to identify both the elemental composition and the metal-linker coordination on the surface of MOFs and COFs. | |
| Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) | EDS provides elemental mapping of the sample's surface. | |
| Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) | ICP-OES can detect most elements at very low concentrations, so it is used to know the purity and chemical composition. However, this technique requires that the sample be digested (dissolved) prior to analysis. | |
| Elemental analysis | Elemental analysis is a useful tool for the determination of the composition and purity. | |
| Others | Small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAWS) | SAXS and WAWS provide direct monitoring of the polymerization and the crystallization of COFs. |
With years of experience in MOFs and COFs characterization, Alfa Chemistry is capable of rapid and high-quality characterization of various MOFs and COFs materials. Some of them are listed in the table below.
| Materials | Details |
| MOFs | MIL series MOFs, PCN series MOFs, CPL series MOFs, UIO series MOFs, ZIF series MOFs, IRMOF series MOFs, Fe-MOFs, Cu-MOFs, Al-MOFs, Cr-MOFs, Zr-MOFs, Zn-MOFs, Ti-MOFs, Co-MOFs, etc. |
| COFs | Borates-based COFs, triazines-based COFs, imines-based COFs, phenylhydrazones-based COFs, ketones\enamines-based COFs, polyimides-based COFs, phthalocyanines-based COFs, porphyrins-based COFs, etc. |
| Others | MOFs compounds, COFs compounds, MOFs derived material, COFs derived material, modified MOFs, modified COFs, etc. |
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