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Phthalocyanine is a group of benzoporphyrins which have strong pigmenting power, forming a family of dyes. The basic structure of the molecule comprises four isoindole groups (C6H4,)C2N, joined by four nitrogen atoms. Four commercially important modifications are: (a) metal free phthalocyanine (C6H4C2N)4, having a bluegreen color,(b copper phthalocyanine in which a copper atom is held by secondary valences of the isoindole nitrogen atoms, (c) chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, green, in which 15 to 16 hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine, and (d) sulphonated copper phthalocyanine, water-soluble and green, in which two hydrogens are replaced by sulphonic acid groups. It is used in decorative enamels and automotive finishes; chlorophyll and haems have basic phthalocyanine structures in their molecules.
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